For advanced students, the mathematical theory has been peer-reviewed and published, available without cost at https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/1/68Calculus, as well-known, was invented by Hindu mathematicians (led by Mādhava of Sangamagr&#... Read more

For advanced students, the mathematical theory has been peer-reviewed and published, available without cost at https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/1/68Calculus, as well-known, was invented by Hindu mathematicians (led by Mādhava of Sangamagrāma) 250 years before Newton and Leibniz, and they did not use the fictions of infinitesimals, irrational numbers, or imaginary numbers. Less